The work in query facilities on a story exploring the experiences of missionaries going through vital cultural and private challenges in a distant and infrequently harmful atmosphere. It paperwork their religion, their struggles, and their views on the obvious contradictions encountered whereas trying to reconcile deeply held beliefs with harsh realities.
Such a literature typically offers priceless insights into cross-cultural interactions, the dynamics of non secular conviction underneath duress, and the complexities of humanitarian work. It may possibly illuminate the influence of globalization on native communities and supply a nuanced understanding of differing worldviews. The private tales shared typically resonate with themes of sacrifice, resilience, and the seek for which means in excessive circumstances. Understanding historic context, equivalent to particular mission organizations or geopolitical elements influencing the area described, can additional enrich the studying expertise.
The next sections will delve into particular themes current inside this narrative, inspecting its literary benefit, its influence on readers, and its broader significance inside discussions of religion, tradition, and private transformation.
1. Religion underneath duress
The narrative arc hinges considerably on religion underneath duress. It varieties the crucible through which characters’ convictions are examined, refined, and generally, seemingly damaged. The depth of their struggling, the fixed risk of hazard, and the obvious futility of their efforts create a stress cooker atmosphere, forcing a confrontation with the very foundations of their perception system. One instance includes a essential choice to stay in a area regardless of escalating violence, guided solely by a conviction that they had been meant to remain, whilst others fled. This alternative, seemingly illogical from a realistic perspective, underscores the position of religion in overriding rational issues.
The significance of “Religion underneath duress” as a element is just not merely thematic; it is structural. With out it, the story would devolve right into a easy chronicle of occasions. The missionaries’ perseverance, their potential to search out which means amidst chaos, and their willingness to danger every little thing for what they imagine in are all merchandise of a religion solid within the face of overwhelming adversity. Their willingness to just accept outcomes which will appear inexplicable demonstrates a belief in a better energy that transcends human understanding. This belief turns into the driving power behind their actions and a supply of energy within the face of seemingly insurmountable obstacles.
In the end, “Religion underneath duress” highlights the inherent paradox inside its themes. The story reveals that religion is just not a passive acceptance of pre-determined outcomes however an lively engagement with uncertainty and hardship. It turns into a lens by which to view the world, shaping responses to adversity and finally defining the person’s journey. It challenges the reader to look at the depths of their very own religion and to think about how they may reply when confronted with related trials.
2. Cultural confrontation
Cultural confrontation, as depicted, served as a catalyst for each profound understanding and immense struggling. The missionaries entered a world radically completely different from their very own, the place deeply ingrained beliefs and practices typically clashed with their non secular convictions. Easy acts of kindness, meant to bridge cultural divides, had been generally misinterpreted, considered with suspicion, and even met with hostility. A selected occasion concerned trying to offer medical help, solely to be accused of disrupting conventional therapeutic practices and undermining the authority of native healers. This conflict highlighted a basic distinction in worldview, the place the missionaries scientific understanding of drugs conflicted with the indigenous neighborhood’s non secular beliefs about well being and wellness. Such occasions served as a potent reminder of the constraints of imposing exterior views with out first looking for to know the nuances of the host tradition.
The significance of this collision resides not merely within the inherent drama however in its transformative impact on the missionaries themselves. Compelled to confront their very own cultural biases, they had been compelled to re-evaluate their assumptions about reality, morality, and the character of God. What started as a mission to transform others turned a journey of self-discovery. The expertise of being outsiders, of being misunderstood, fostered a way of empathy and challenged them to search out frequent floor. In a single account, a missionary described initially being repulsed by sure native customs, solely to later acknowledge their inherent worth and significance throughout the neighborhood’s social material. This shift in perspective demonstrated a willingness to be taught and adapt, important for constructing belief and fostering real relationships.
In the end, this collision reveals the complicated interaction between religion and tradition. The narrative underscores that non secular perception is just not resistant to cultural affect; slightly, it’s formed by and expressed by explicit cultural contexts. It presents an pressing reminder that efficient cross-cultural engagement requires humility, respect, and a willingness to pay attention and be taught. The power to navigate cultural variations turns into paramount in spreading any message; as “the madness of god ebook” reveals, the other can result in failure or violence.
3. Unconventional Mission
The narratives core lies inside its depiction of an unconventional mission, a departure from conventional missionary practices. It portrays a path the place established strategies had been discarded in favor of approaches that appeared, to many, unorthodox and even reckless. The story particulars situations the place the missionaries intentionally selected to stay among the many folks they sought to serve, adopting their customs, studying their language, and sharing of their hardships, a stark distinction to the extra frequent follow of building separate mission compounds. The consequence of this strategy was a deeper degree of cultural integration, fostering belief and opening doorways that may in any other case have remained closed. Nonetheless, it additionally got here at a big price, exposing them to risks and challenges not usually encountered in typical missions.
The significance of “unconventional mission” as a element of the story rests on its potential to spotlight the extraordinary sacrifices made and the exceptional resilience displayed by the missionaries. For instance, the narrative recounts an incident the place the missionaries selected to stay with their neighborhood throughout a time of battle, offering help and luxury regardless of going through imminent hazard themselves. This act of solidarity, born from their unconventional strategy, solidified their bonds with the native inhabitants and demonstrated their unwavering dedication. The choice instantly opposed the recommendation of their sending group, which prioritized their security and urged them to evacuate, showcasing the divergence between typical knowledge and their chosen path. One other account particulars how they supported themselves by adopting the native technique of incomes a dwelling, instead of reliance on exterior funding, to construct a pure integration.
The understanding of “unconventional mission” introduced inside this story affords vital perception into the complexities of cross-cultural engagement. It highlights that true connection requires a willingness to step exterior of 1’s consolation zone, to embrace the unfamiliar, and to relinquish management. The story additional illustrates that the trail to non secular transformation isn’t linear or predictable, that generally, essentially the most profound breakthroughs happen when people are prepared to desert preconceived notions and embrace the sudden. It serves as a potent reminder that whereas typical strategies might supply a way of safety and predictability, they could additionally restrict the potential for deep and significant connection.
4. Radical Obedience
The tapestry woven by experiences comprises a distinguished thread: radical obedience. It emerges not as blind adherence to dogma, however as a aware choice to align with a better goal, even when that goal defies typical logic and societal expectations. This idea turns into tangible by acts of devotion that surpass motive. “The Madness of God ebook” offers a canvas on which to discover the implications of this path.
-
Defiance of Self-Preservation
Radical obedience typically manifests as a disregard for private security and well-being. Take into account the choice to stay in a unstable area regardless of credible threats, guided by a way of divine mandate. This defiance challenges the intuition for self-preservation, prioritizing a perceived larger calling over private consolation and safety. Such actions, considered from an outdoor perspective, might seem foolhardy, but they symbolize a core tenet of radical obedience: submitting to a will past one’s personal understanding.
-
Sacrifice of Materials Possessions
One other aspect includes the relinquishment of fabric comforts and monetary stability. To completely combine with a marginalized neighborhood, they divested themselves of possessions, embracing a lifetime of simplicity and dependence. This sacrifice stemmed from a perception that real connection required a rejection of materialistic values, permitting them to determine with the struggles of these they sought to serve. The choice instantly contradicted the consumerist mindset, highlighting the transformative energy of radical obedience in reshaping one’s priorities.
-
Acceptance of Social Isolation
Radical obedience can result in social ostracism and isolation. The missionaries’ unconventional strategies typically drew criticism and disapproval from each inside and out of doors their non secular neighborhood. Their willingness to problem established norms resulted in strained relationships and a way of alienation. This acceptance of social isolation, nonetheless, bolstered their dedication to their calling. It demonstrated that their allegiance lay not with social approval, however with a better authority, additional showcasing the price of radical obedience.
-
Embracing the Unexplainable
The ultimate element pertains to the willingness to embrace the unexplainable, to just accept occasions and outcomes that defy human comprehension. The occasions described could seem irrational. Radical obedience, on this context, turns into a dedication to trusting in a divine plan, even when that plan stays shrouded in thriller. This ingredient challenges the need for certainty and management, emphasizing the significance of religion in navigating life’s uncertainties. It embodies the essence of “the madness of god ebook” – a willingness to give up to a better energy, even when the trail ahead appears illogical or inconceivable.
These sides of radical obedience interweave, showcasing the complexities and contradictions inherent on this path. It reveals the ebook is just not merely a story, however an exploration of the lengths to which people are prepared to go when pushed by profound conviction. The missionaries actions problem typical notions of religion, prompting a reevaluation of private dedication.
5. Value of discipleship
Inside the pages of “the madness of god ebook,” the price of discipleship emerges not as a mere theological idea, however as a lived actuality. It permeates the narrative, coloring each choice, each sacrifice, and each second of triumph and despair. It’s a reckoning that calls for not solely mental assent but in addition an entire give up of consolation, safety, and private ambition. This precept is commonly explored along side the idea of radical obedience.
-
The Value of Consolation
The missionaries in “the madness of god ebook” relinquished the comforts of their acquainted world, selecting as a substitute to immerse themselves in an atmosphere marked by poverty, illness, and hazard. They traded the safety of their properties for makeshift shelters, the predictability of their schedules for the fixed uncertainty of life in a battle zone. This bodily discomfort was not merely a matter of inconvenience; it was a deliberate option to determine with the struggling of these they sought to serve, to expertise their hardships firsthand. Such a choice was exemplified after they selected to stay in the identical sort of dwellings because the native folks, exposing themselves to the identical ailments and dangers, slightly than establishing safer and comfy housing for themselves.
-
The Sacrifice of Popularity
The missionaries’ unconventional strategies typically drew criticism and condemnation from each inside and out of doors their non secular neighborhood. They had been accused of naivety, recklessness, and even heresy. Their willingness to problem established norms and embrace practices deemed unorthodox led to social isolation and strained relationships. This sacrifice of status was a heavy burden to bear, however it was a worth they had been prepared to pay for his or her unwavering dedication to their calling. One instance lies of their choice to brazenly embrace and defend members of the neighborhood who had been ostracized for violating conventional customs, regardless of the potential penalties for their very own standing.
-
The Enduring Weight of Loss
The narrative is punctuated by moments of profound loss: the dying of family members, the destruction of their work, the betrayal of trusted buddies. These losses weren’t merely setbacks to be overcome; they had been wounds that minimize deep, testing the very limits of their religion and resilience. The price of discipleship, as depicted, consists of the willingness to endure such ache, to search out which means within the midst of struggling, and to emerge from the crucible of loss with a renewed sense of goal. An instance is discovered within the missionaries’ response to the dying of a kid underneath their care. Regardless of the grief and the questions that arose about their religion, they continued to serve the neighborhood, honoring the kid’s reminiscence by redoubling their efforts.
-
The Give up of Management
Maybe essentially the most profound ingredient includes the give up of management, the willingness to relinquish any expectation of a predictable or manageable end result. The missionaries confronted circumstances far past their potential to affect, typically discovering themselves on the mercy of forces they may not perceive or management. This relinquishment of management demanded a deep belief in a better energy, a willingness to just accept occasions as they unfolded, and a dedication to stay steadfast of their calling, even when the trail forward appeared unsure and fraught with hazard. An occasion of this give up occurred when the missionaries had been arrested and imprisoned on false expenses. Reasonably than trying to combat the system, they used their time in jail to minister to their fellow inmates, trusting that their state of affairs was half of a bigger plan.
In essence, the narrative of “the madness of god ebook” portrays discipleship not as a passive acceptance of non secular doctrine, however as an lively, expensive, and infrequently painful journey of transformation. It serves as a reminder that following one’s beliefs might demand an entire rearrangement of 1’s priorities and a willingness to embrace a lifetime of sacrifice and uncertainty. The experiences throughout the story additionally serve to light up points of non secular paradoxes and struggles inside discipleship.
6. Non secular paradoxes
Inside “the madness of god ebook,” non secular paradoxes stop to be summary theological ideas; they turn out to be the lived experiences of people wrestling with religion within the face of incomprehensible struggling. These paradoxes function a relentless stress, difficult typical knowledge and demanding a reevaluation of deeply held beliefs. The missionaries’ journey turns into a testomony to the ability and the problem of navigating these inherent contradictions.
-
Energy in Weak spot
The narrative typically highlights situations the place the missionaries discovered their best energy in moments of profound weak point. Confronted with overwhelming challenges illness, persecution, and even dying they found a resilience that defied human clarification. This isn’t merely a narrative of perseverance, however of an influence accessed by the acceptance of vulnerability. One recounted occasion concerned a missionary struggling a debilitating sickness, who, regardless of their bodily limitations, continued to minister to the sick, discovering an internal energy that surpassed their bodily frailty. Their willingness to embrace their weak point allowed them to turn out to be conduits of hope and therapeutic, a paradox that challenges typical notions of energy.
-
Freedom By means of Give up
The missionaries’ journey is marked by moments the place they needed to relinquish management, surrendering to a better energy. What at first might appear to be a lack of autonomy, turns into the trail to an unexpected sort of liberation. This non secular paradox resonates with those that have felt constricted by self-reliance, solely to find the expansive freedom that accompanies belief and give up. One missionary recounts their concern about relinquishing possessions to be able to relate to the impoverishment of the tradition they had been serving, however was stunned to come across a lightening of spirit, a way of connectedness by the letting go.
-
Life By means of Demise
Maybe essentially the most profound paradox explored is the thought of discovering life by dying, each actually and figuratively. It’s revealed in these moments when one offers up the pursuit of fabric rewards for non secular. In a single poignant occasion, a missionary displays on the dying of a kid they sought to take care of, acknowledging that their very own understanding of life was remodeled by that have. Regardless of the grief, they discovered a renewed dedication to serving others, recognizing that true life lies not in avoiding struggling, however in embracing it as a catalyst for development and transformation.
These non secular paradoxes, removed from being mere mental puzzles, turn out to be integral to the missionaries’ journey. Their expertise demonstrates that the trail of religion is just not at all times simple, however slightly, a posh and infrequently contradictory journey marked by moments of profound perception and unsettling uncertainty. These function a reminder that real transformation typically lies in embracing the unexplainable and surrendering to a actuality past human comprehension, which is on the middle of “the madness of god ebook”.
7. Private Transformation
The narrative contained inside “the madness of god ebook” serves as a compelling testomony to the transformative energy of religion when confronted with excessive circumstances. It’s not merely a chronicle of missionary work, however a examine within the profound methods through which people are reshaped by hardship, problem, and unwavering dedication. The experiences detailed inside its pages illuminate the multifaceted nature of private transformation, revealing how conviction, loss, and cross-cultural encounters can alter the very core of 1’s being.
-
Shattering of Preconceived Notions
Transformation typically begins with the dismantling of long-held beliefs and assumptions. The missionaries enter unfamiliar territories armed with a selected worldview, solely to search out it challenged and finally reshaped by the realities they encounter. A typical sample includes beforehand unexamined cultural assumptions dissolving when contrasted with the native worldview. For instance, the idea of particular person autonomy loses which means inside a tribal tradition the place neighborhood interdependence is paramount. These shattered notions power a re-evaluation of basic ideas, paving the way in which for brand new views and a deeper understanding of oneself and the world.
-
Embracing Vulnerability
Private evolution is commonly intertwined with accepting vulnerability. The missionaries, stripped of their acquainted assist techniques and uncovered to bodily and emotional risks, are compelled to confront their very own limitations and insecurities. This compelled vulnerability, nonetheless, turns into a catalyst for development, fostering empathy, compassion, and a deeper reference to others. An instance is the occasion the place the missionaries encounter a lethal virus amongst these they serve, and so they put themselves at risk by caring for the sick, regardless of the peril to their very own well being. The act, pushed by empathy, turns into a conduit for private change.
-
Redefinition of Objective
The extreme experiences detailed inside “the madness of god ebook” typically result in a redefinition of goal. The missionaries might start their journey with a particular purpose in thoughts, equivalent to spreading a selected message, solely to find that their true goal lies in one thing way more profound. A typical sample is discovered within the narrative: an intention to proselytize shifted into an immersion in neighborhood constructing and a profound deal with mutual assist. These tales show how, by hardship and perseverance, people uncover a goal that transcends their preliminary intentions, leading to a extra genuine and significant existence.
-
Non secular Deepening By means of Disaster
Non secular development typically happens within the midst of disaster. The missionaries’ unwavering religion is examined by seemingly insurmountable challenges, resulting in moments of doubt, despair, and even disillusionment. But, it’s by these darkish nights of the soul that their religion is finally strengthened and deepened. For example, a standard story arc includes a interval of intense non secular questioning following a private tragedy, which finally results in a renewed dedication to their beliefs and a deeper understanding of their relationship with the divine. Private transformation is intertwined with non secular paradoxes, radical obedience and non secular disaster.
These points of private transformation, as portrayed in “the madness of god ebook”, converge to create a strong narrative of human resilience and non secular development. The missionaries emerge from their experiences basically modified, their views broadened, their empathy deepened, and their religion refined. Their journey serves for example of the transformative potential that lies inside every particular person, ready to be unlocked by problem, sacrifice, and an unwavering dedication to one thing bigger than oneself.
Often Requested Questions
The next addresses frequent inquiries and clarifies potential misunderstandings concerning the themes and content material throughout the narrative. These solutions are crafted to offer a deeper understanding of the complexities explored and the challenges depicted.
Query 1: Is “the madness of god ebook” an endorsement of reckless conduct within the title of religion?
The narrative explores the intense lengths to which people are prepared to go, pushed by profound religion. It’s not an endorsement of recklessness. Reasonably, the textual content presents these decisions throughout the particular context of the characters’ experiences, difficult readers to ponder the character of religion and sacrifice with out essentially advocating for related actions. It’s a portrayal, not a prescription. Consider it as witnessing a tightrope walker; one appreciates the ability and dedication with out essentially needing to aim the feat.
Query 2: Does “the madness of god ebook” downplay the significance of cultural sensitivity in missionary work?
Whereas the narrative recounts situations the place cultural misunderstandings occurred, it doesn’t inherently dismiss the significance of cultural sensitivity. Quite the opposite, it typically highlights the painful penalties of cultural blunders. The experiences underscore the very important necessity of empathy, respect, and a willingness to be taught from these one seeks to serve. The narrative acts as a cautionary story, illustrating how the failure to know and recognize cultural nuances can result in unintended hurt. It is akin to finding out a shipwreck; the catastrophe serves as a potent reminder of the hazards of navigating treacherous waters with out correct preparation.
Query 3: Is “the madness of god ebook” meant to be a purely goal account?
The narrative is a subjective recounting of private experiences, not an goal historic doc. The occasions are filtered by the lens of the missionaries’ perceptions, beliefs, and biases. Recognizing this subjectivity is essential to understanding the narrative’s strengths and limitations. It’s a glimpse into a particular worldview, not a definitive assertion of common reality. Think about viewing a portray; the artist’s perspective shapes the picture, making it a singular interpretation of actuality, not an ideal reproduction.
Query 4: Does “the madness of god ebook” promote a particular non secular agenda?
Whereas the narrative is undoubtedly rooted in a particular religion custom, its main focus is on the human expertise of religion underneath duress. The textual content explores common themes of sacrifice, resilience, and the seek for which means within the face of adversity. The narrative’s broader enchantment lies in its potential to resonate with people of various backgrounds and perception techniques. Even those that don’t share the missionaries’ explicit non secular convictions can discover worth within the story’s exploration of human nature and the enduring energy of hope. It’s like studying a novel set in a selected nation; one can recognize the story’s themes and characters with out essentially endorsing the nation’s political system.
Query 5: Does “the madness of god ebook” counsel that struggling is a prerequisite for non secular development?
The narrative highlights the truth that struggling could be a catalyst for profound non secular development. The ebook would not essentially assert that it’s at all times a prerequisite. The missionaries’ journeys show the transformative energy of adversity, showcasing how hardship can result in better empathy, resilience, and a deeper understanding of 1’s personal religion. Nonetheless, the narrative additionally acknowledges the immense ache and potential for devastation that accompanies struggling. It presents a nuanced perspective, recognizing that whereas struggling could be a catalyst for development, it isn’t an finish in itself. The narrative highlights what we are able to be taught from darkness.
Query 6: Does “the madness of god ebook” supply straightforward solutions to complicated questions on religion and struggling?
The experiences chronicled inside “the madness of god ebook” pose troublesome questions and supply no straightforward solutions. As a substitute, the narrative invitations readers to grapple with the complexities of religion and struggling. The worth lies not in offering definitive options, however in fostering essential reflection and inspiring a deeper engagement with these timeless themes. It’s extra like encountering a philosophical riddle than receiving a easy instruction guide. There are profound mysteries about radical obedience and religion.
In conclusion, this narrative prompts reflection on religion’s complexities, not simply its certainties. It asks greater than it solutions. It’s a examine of extremes, a testomony to human endurance, and an invite to discover the depths of private conviction.
The subsequent part will delve additional into reader interpretations and the essential reception of the narrative, inspecting its broader influence on discussions of religion, tradition, and humanitarian work.
Classes Cast in Extremis
From the pages of “the madness of god ebook,” hard-won knowledge emerges, etched within the crucible of unrelenting hardship. These are usually not mere recommendations for a extra snug existence however signposts planted alongside a path of profound problem. They provide path, not consolation. Heed them cautiously, for they had been purchased at a heavy worth.
Tip 1: Embrace Uncertainty as a Fixed Companion. Consolation is a phantom. The acquainted is a mirage. Count on nothing to stay because it appears. Think about a mariner setting sail with out a map. Rely not on previous experiences, however on an unshakeable internal compass. The storm will come, however in preparedness, there’s a likelihood for survival.
Tip 2: Domesticate Empathy Past Comprehension. It’s facile to talk of understanding one other’s plight from a place of consolation. True empathy calls for immersion. Stroll the bottom. Share the meals. Endure the hardships. Solely then can one start to fathom the depths of one other’s expertise. Consider the medic getting into a leper colony, not in sterile garb, however as a fellow sufferer. Isolation kills; Connection affords salvation.
Tip 3: Acknowledge the Limitations of Rationality. Logic offers solely a framework; it affords no ensures. The world is rife with occurrences that defy clarification, occasions that mock the orderly thoughts. When motive fails, religion should take maintain. It’s not a give up to ignorance, however an acknowledgement of the huge unknown. The pilot going through an engine failure should rely not solely on process however on instinct, a sort of information born of expertise and necessity.
Tip 4: Put together for Loss as an Inevitable Actuality. Attachment breeds sorrow. Possessions turn out to be burdens. Relationships turn out to be sources of potential ache. Cling to nothing too tightly, for all issues are transient. See your self as a pilgrim on a protracted journey. There’s a level when the bags is an excessive amount of. Let it go to outlive.
Tip 5: Rework Concern right into a Catalyst for Motion. Concern is a pure intuition, a warning of impending hazard. Nonetheless, it will also be a crippling power, paralyzing one within the face of adversity. Acknowledge concern for what it’s a sign, not a command. Channel that vitality into decisive motion, reworking trepidation into braveness. Consider the soldier who, regardless of his terror, expenses into battle; it isn’t the absence of concern that defines him, however his potential to beat it.
Tip 6: Search Knowledge in Sudden Locations. Data is just not confined to libraries or universities. It resides within the hearts of the oppressed, the knowledge of the elders, the voices of the marginalized. Pay attention attentively to those that have endured hardship; their experiences maintain invaluable classes. Think about the scholar venturing past the partitions of academia, looking for knowledge within the villages, within the slums, within the forgotten corners of the world. Discover the gems of actuality inside chaos.
Tip 7: Domesticate Inside Resilience. Exterior circumstances are fleeting; inner fortitude is the one true fixed. Strengthen the thoughts, physique and spirit by self-discipline, reflection, and reference to one thing better than oneself. Consider the traditional warrior coaching relentlessly, honing his abilities, fortifying his physique, and cultivating a psychological state impervious to concern and doubt. Energy is what issues most.
These are usually not guarantees of success, however instruments for survival. They’re the teachings etched in blood and tears, provided to those that dare to enterprise into the center of darkness. It’s by heeding the following pointers in occasions of strife that there might be hope.
The narrative concludes, leaving one to ponder the which means behind the struggling, the knowledge gained, and the value of final conviction.
A Remaining Reckoning
“The madness of god ebook” lays naked a panorama of religion examined to its absolute limits. By means of its exploration of radical obedience, cultural chasms, and private transformation, it exposes a profound paradox: that perceived insanity could be a path to profound which means. The missionaries’ tales, etched in sacrifice and resilience, supply no straightforward solutions, no snug options. Reasonably, they current a stark reflection of the human spirit’s capability for each immense struggling and unwavering hope. They lived the solutions, even when none had been straightforward.
The narrative, as a testomony to unwavering conviction, leaves an echo. It lingers, prompting a questioning of 1’s personal compass in a world demanding straightforward solutions. The challenges are now not distant on some overseas land, however now relaxation instantly within the mirror, silently urging: To what ends and sacrifice will one go to stay what’s believed, and what does it imply to actually give up?
